Background
Choline Fact Sheet
Abstract

A fact sheet explaining the role of choline in the human body, how much choline we need at different life stages, examples of dietary choline sources, as well as evidence associating choline with early brain and cognitive development

3 minutes

Choline is an essential nutrient to support normal cell functions and fetal development, and is of particular importance to pregnant and lactating women.1

What are the roles of choline in human body?

  • Support structural integrity and signaling functions of cell membranes1
  • Maintain normal maternal homocysteine level that is associated with healthy pregnancy1,2
  • Act as a precursor for the biosynthesis of acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter3
  • Produce sphingomyelin as a crucial component of cell membrane3


How much choline do we need4

Age/Life stage

Adequate Intakes (AIs) for Choline (mg/day)

Birth to 6 months

125

7–12 months

150

1–3 years

200

4–8 years

250

9–13 years

375

14–18 years

550 for males; 400 for females

19+ years

550 for males; 425 for females

Pregnant women

450

Lactating women

550

 

Examples on food sources of choline4

Food

Milligrams
(mg) per serving

Beef liver, pan fried, 3 ounces

356

Egg, hard boiled, 1 large egg

147

Soybeans, roasted, ½ cup

107

Chicken breast, roasted, 3 ounces

72

Beef, ground, 93% lean meat, broiled, 3 ounces

72

Cod fish, cooked, dry heat, 3 ounces

71

Mushrooms, shiitake, cooked, ½ cup pieces

58

Broccoli, chopped, boiled, drained, ½ cup

31

 

The choline interaction with other nutrients on early brain and cognitive development:

  • Infants: An observational study found that higher levels of choline together with higher DHA or lutein in human milk were positively associated with better recognition memory of infants at 6 months of age.5
  • Schoolchildren: A study revealed that higher concurrent intakes of choline (median = 311 mg/day), together with DHA and lutein were associated with better short-term memory and general mental processing ability of school children at around 6 years old.6


For more nutritional information, please view https://Singapore.wyethnutritionsc.org
This material is for healthcare professional reference only. Wyeth® is a registered trademark of Wyeth LLC. Used under license.

Reference
  1. Zeisel SH. Annu Rev Nutr. 2006;26:229-250.
  2. Velzing-Aarts FV, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81(6):1383-1389.
  3. Zeisel SH et al. FASEB J. 1991;5(7):2093‐2098.
  4. National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. Choline - Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. Available at: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Choline-HealthProfessional/#en2. Accessed 23 May 2019.
  5. Cheatham CL and Sheppard KW. Nutrients. 2015;7(11):9079‐9095.
  6. Mulder K et al. Cogent Medicine. 2016;3:1265203 [Abstract].
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