Background
Understanding the Phospholipids
Abstract

A quick guide for explaining what phospholipids are, the types of phospholipids in human milk, and their role in brain development.

2 minutes

Phospholipids are structural components of cell membranes in human body including brain cells1
 

There are 5 major phospholipids in human milk2

  • Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)
    Found particularly in neural tissues including white matters of brain, spinal cord and nerves3
  • Sphingomyelin (SM)
    Contributes to the formation of myelin sheaths that facilitate efficient signal transmission4,5
  • Phosphatidylcholine (PC)
    The most abundant phospholipids in membrane bilayers6
  • Phosphatidylserine (PS)
    Brain PS has a high content of DHA7
  • Phosphatidylinositol (PI)
    Acts as a substrate of Phosphatidylserine (PS) synthesis7

 

The content of phospholipids including PC, PE, PS and SM in human brain changes with age:8

Phospholipids

Sphingomyelin (SM) levels in the brain increase drastically from 2% to 15% postnatally, timing coincided with its role in the myelin sheath and mature membranes8
 

Food sources of phospholipids:9

Eggs, organ meats, lean meats, fish, shellfish, cereal grains, etc.
 

For more nutritional information, please view https://Singapore.wyethnutritionsc.org
This material is for healthcare professional reference only. Wyeth® is a registered trademark of Wyeth LLC. Used under license.

Reference
  1. Martinez M and Mougan I. J Neurochem. 1998;71:2528-2533.
  2. Cilla A et al. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2016;56(11):1880-1892.
  3. Stillwell W. An introduction to biological membranes (second edition). Elsevier. 2016 [Textbook].
  4. Kinney HC et al. Neurochemical Research. 1994;19(8):983-996.
  5. Spigel I and Peles E. Molecular Membrane Biology. 2002;19:95-101.
  6. Muller CP et al. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta. 2015;1851:1052-1065.
  7. Kim HY et al. Prog Lipid Res. 2014;0:1-18.
  8. Dawson G. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015;1851(8):1026-1039.
  9. Weihrauch JL and Son YS. JAOCS. 1983;60(12):1971-1978.
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